Integrating ethics in AI development: a qualitative study.

Integrating ethics in AI development: a qualitative study.

Fuente:Bmc Medical Ethics

Tipo de trabajo:Orientaciones y guía

Extracto: The three themes collectively emphasized that beyond being innovative, AI must genuinely benefit healthcare and its stakeholders, meaning AI also aligns with intricate and context-specific healthcare practices. Our findings signal that instead of narrow product-specific AI guidance, ethical AI development may need a systemic, proactive perspective that includes the ethical considerations (objectives, actors, and context) and focuses on healthcare applications. Ethically developing AI involves a complex interplay between AI, ethics, healthcare, and multiple stakeholders.

Claves:AI, AI development, AI ethics, AI guidance, Artificial intelligence, Implementation, Qualitative research

Cita:BMC Med Ethics 2024 Jan 23; 25 (1) : 10.

Autor/es:Arbelaez Ossa, Laura (a)
Lorenzini, Giorgia (b)

institución:(a) Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. laura.arbelaezossa@unibas.ch.
(b) Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Conflicto:Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de interés con la investigación

Formato:Informe virtual

Idioma:Inglés

País de fuente:Reino Unido

Sitio web:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12910-023-01000-0

Applications of artificial intelligence in the field of oral and maxillofacial pathology

Applications of artificial intelligence in the field of oral and maxillofacial pathology

Fuente:Bmc Oral Health

Tipo de trabajo:Revisión sistemática

Extracto: In the field of oral and maxillofacial pathology, AI has the potential to enhance diagnostic precision, personalize care, and ultimately improve patient outcomes. The development and application of AI in healthcare, however, necessitates careful consideration of ethical, legal, and regulatory challenges. Additionally, because AI is still a relatively new technology, caution must be taken when applying it to this industry.

Claves:Artificial intelligence, Diagnosis, Image analysis, Machine learning, Oral and maxillofacial pathology, Predictive modelling

Cita:BMC Oral Health 2024 Jan 23; 24 (1) : 122.

Autor/es:Abdul, Nishath Sayed (a)
Shivakumar, Ganiga Channaiah (b)

institución:(a) Department of OMFS & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm, University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
(b) Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, People's College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, People's University, Bhopal, 462037, India. shiva21375@gmail.com.

Conflicto:Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de interés con la investigación

Formato:Informe virtual

Idioma:Inglés

País de fuente:Reino Unido

Sitio web:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03533-7

Multiple Gestation after Elective Single-Embryo Transfer

Multiple Gestation after Elective Single-Embryo Transfer

Fuente:Journal of Pregnancy

Tipo de trabajo:Revisión

Extracto: The hypotheses that we have so far remain unproven due to the rarity of zygotic splitting as well as the ethicolegal considerations of human embryo research. The presence of such incidents necessitates extensive counselling of the couple.

Cita:J Pregnancy 2024; 2024 : 2686128.

Autor/es:Zhaffal, Mokhamad (a)
Al Jafari, Rania (b)

institución:(a) Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE.
(b) Fakih Fertility Center, Al Ain, UAE.

Conflicto:The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article.

Formato:Informe virtual

Idioma:Inglés

País de fuente:Egipto

Sitio web:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/2686128

Automated evaluation of masseter muscle volume: deep learning prognostic approach in oral cancer.

Automated evaluation of masseter muscle volume: deep learning prognostic approach in oral cancer.

Fuente:Bmc Cancer

Extracto: The sarcopenia assessment method is useful for predicting the life expectancy of patients with oral cancer. In the future, it is crucial to validate and analyze various factors within the oral surgery field, extending beyond cancer patients.

Claves:Deep learning, Oral cancer, Sarcopenia

Cita:BMC Cancer 2024 Jan 24; 24 (1) : 128.

Autor/es:Sakamoto, Katsuya (a)
Hiraoka, Shin-Ichiro (b)

institución:(a) Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, 565-0871, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
(b) Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, 565-0871, Suita, Osaka, Japan. hirashins2@gmail.com.

Conflicto:Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de interés con la investigación

Formato:Informe virtual

Idioma:Inglés

País de fuente:Reino Unido

Sitio web:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12885-024-11873-y

Advancing nursing practice with artificial intelligence: Enhancing preparedness for the future.

Advancing nursing practice with artificial intelligence: Enhancing preparedness for the future.

Fuente:Nursing Open

Extracto: AI-enabled robotics and telehealth solutions expand the reach of nursing care, improving accessibility of healthcare services and remote monitoring capabilities of patients' health conditions.

Claves:artificial intelligence, future, healthcare, nursing practice, patient outcomes, preparedness

Cita:Nurs Open 2024 Jan; 11 (1)

Autor/es:Rony, Moustaq Karim Khan (a)
Parvin, Mst Rina (b)

institución:(a) Master of Public Health, Bangladesh Open University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
(b) Major of Bangladesh Army, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Conflicto:The authors have no competing interest at all.

Formato:Informe impreso

Idioma:Inglés

País de fuente:EE.UU.

Sitio web:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nop2.2070

Comprehensive analysis revealed the immunoinflammatory targets of rheumatoid arthritis based on intestinal flora, miRNA, transcription factors, and RNA-binding proteins databases, GSEA and GSVA pathway observations, and immunoinfiltration typing.

Fuente:Hereditas

Extracto: The findings of this study could help with RA diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted molecular treatment.

Claves:Bioinformatics analysis, Biomarkers, Pathogenesis, Rheumatoid arthritis

Cita:Hereditas 2024 Jan 25; 161 (1) : 6.

Autor/es:Guan, Yin (a)
Zhang, Yue (b)

institución:(a) Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
(b) Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.

Conflicto:There is no competing interests.

Formato:Informe virtual

Idioma:Inglés

País de fuente:Reino Unido

Sitio web:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41065-024-00310-6

From nature to nanotechnology: The interplay of traditional medicine, green chemistry, and biogenic metallic phytonanoparticles in modern healthcare innovation and sustainability.

Fuente:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie

Extracto: This exploration is essential for harnessing the unique properties of metallic nanoparticles to address pressing challenges and advance innovations across diverse scientific and industrial domains.

Claves:Cancer mechanisms, Green synthesis, Metal Nanoparticles, Natural compounds, Phytonanoparticles, Synthetic compounds

Cita:Biomed Pharmacother 2024 Jan; 170 : 116083.

Autor/es:Puri, Abhijeet (a)
Mohite, Popat (b)

institución:(a) AETs St. John Institute of Pharmacy & Research, Palghar, Maharshtra 401404, India.
(b) AETs St. John Institute of Pharmacy & Research, Palghar, Maharshtra 401404, India. Electronic address: mohitepb@gmail.com.

Conflicto:Declaration of Competing Interest The Authors declare no conflict of interest and this study is been presented here for the first time and has not been reported in any previous study.

Formato:Informe impreso

Idioma:Inglés

País de fuente:Francia

Sitio web:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116083

Vision on gyrate atrophy: why treat the eye?

Fuente:Embo Molecular Medicine

Extracto: However, based on disease pathology, patient's needs, ethical considerations, therapeutic developmental time lines, and current state of the art of gene therapy for liver and eye, we have a different view on this issue: We argue below that local treatment of the eye is the preferred option for GACR.

Cita:EMBO Mol Med 2024 Jan; 16 (1) : 4-7.

Autor/es:Bergen, Arthur A (a)
Buijs, Mark Jn (b)

institución:(a) Department of Human Genetics, Section Ophthalmogenetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
(b) Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Formato:Informe impreso

Idioma:Inglés

País de fuente:Reino Unido

Sitio web:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s44321-023-00001-1

Undisclosed financial conflicts of interest in DSM-5-TR: cross sectional analysis.

Fuente:Bmj (clinical Research Ed.)

Tipo de trabajo:Guía

Extracto: Conflicts of interest among panel members of DSM-5-TR were prevalent. Because of the enormous influence of diagnostic and treatment guidelines, the standards for participation on a guideline development panel should be high. A rebuttable presumption should exist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders to prohibit conflicts of interest among its panel and task force members. When no independent individuals with the requisite expertise are available, individuals with associations to industry could consult to the panels, but they should not have decision making authority on revisions or the inclusion of new disorders.

Cita:BMJ 2024 Jan 10; 384 : e076902.

Autor/es:Davis, Lauren C (a)
Diianni, Alexa T (b)

institución:(a) Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Department of Medical Education, Scranton, PA, USA.
(b) Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Department of Medical Education, Scranton, PA, USA.

Conflicto:Competing interests: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf and declare: BJP reports contributing to an osteoarthritis research team supported by Pfizer and Eli Lilly (2019-21) and reports receiving grants from the Pennsylvania Academic Clinical Research Center, outside the submitted work; no support from any organization for the submitted work; no financial relationships with any organizations... that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous three years; no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Formato:Informe virtual

Idioma:Inglés

País de fuente:Reino Unido

Sitio web:http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2023-076902

Large Language Models for Healthcare Data Augmentation: An Example on Patient-Trial Matching.

Fuente:Amia ... Annual Symposium Proceedings. Amia Symposium

Extracto: Additionally, we present case studies to further illustrate the effectiveness of our approach and provide a deeper understanding of its underlying principles.

Cita:AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2023; 2023 : 1324-1333.

Autor/es:Yuan, Jiayi (a)
Tang, Ruixiang (b)

institución:(a) Rice University, Houston, TX.
(b) Rice University, Houston, TX.

Formato:Informe virtual

Idioma:Inglés

País de fuente:EE.UU.

Sitio web:

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome in a Patient on Concomitant Treatment with Levetiracetam and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole.

Fuente:The American Journal of Case Reports

Extracto: The concomitant use of Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and levetiracetam might have been responsible for heightening the potential of these 2 medications to trigger an unfortunate adverse drug reaction, but no formal culprit was able to be identified and no in vivo study was performed, due to ethical considerations. Thus, through this case report we strive to increase awareness of the potential risk of simultaneously prescribing these 2 medications.

Cita:Am J Case Rep 2024 Jan 22; 25 : e942982.

Autor/es:Tabet Aoul, Amel (a)
Al-Nasseri, Abraheim (b)

institución:(a) Department of Internal Medicine, HCA Healthcare Citrus Hospital Florida, Inverness, FL, USA.
(b) Department of Internal Medicine, HCA Healthcare Citrus Hospital Florida, Inverness, FL, USA.

Conflicto:Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de interés con la investigación

Formato:Informe virtual

Idioma:Inglés

País de fuente:EE.UU.

Sitio web:http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.942982

End-of-Life Care Preferences of Patients with Advanced Urological Malignancies: An Explorative Survey Study at a Tertiary Referral Center.

Fuente:Current Oncology (toronto, Ont.)

Extracto: Based on this finding, physicians and healthcare staff should initiate discussions about early care planning so that patients in incurable situations can express their wishes regarding their preferred place of death.

Claves:end of life, palliative care, patient preference, place of death, urological malignancies

Cita:Curr Oncol 2024 Jan 12; 31 (1) : 462-471.

Autor/es:Volberg, Christian (a)
Urhahn, Fabian (b)

institución:(a) Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35033 Marburg, Germany.
(b) Research Group Medical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35033 Marburg, Germany.

Conflicto:Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de interés con la investigación

Formato:Informe virtual

Idioma:Inglés

País de fuente:Suiza

Sitio web:http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31010031

Developing, Purchasing, Implementing and Monitoring AI Tools in Radiology: Practical Considerations. A Multi-Society Statement from the ACR, CAR, ESR, RANZCR and RSNA.

Fuente:Radiology. Artificial Intelligence

Tipo de trabajo:Revisión

Extracto: It has not undergone review or editing by this journal.

Claves:Artificial Intelligence, Automation, Machine Learning, Radiology

Cita:Radiol Artif Intell 2024 Jan; 6 (1) : e230513.

Autor/es:Brady, Adrian P (a)
Allen, Bibb (b)

institución:(a) University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
(b) Department of Radiology, Grandview Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.

Conflicto:Disclosures of conflicts of interest: A.P.B.: member of the Insights into Imaging Scientific Editorial Board. He has not taken part in the review or selection process of this article. B.A.: No competing interests. JC: No competing interests. E.K.: Shareholder Gleamer, Paris and Contextflow, Vienna. N.K.: Consultant for ES3 (aerospace company), consultant for Synapsica Healthcare, partner (equity owner) at Radiology Partners... (RP), sole or partial owner of several radiology practices managed by RP. RP has a minority interest in AIDOC. RP has an indirect minority interest in Rad AI. Associate Fellow Stanford AIMI Center. Hold several volunteer positions at RSNA, ACR, SIIM and RADequal. J.M.: Consultant, Microsoft (Nuance), Research funding, royalties, GE, Research funding, Siemens, Spouse employment, shareholder Annexon Biosciences, Spouse employment Bristol Meyers Squibb. L.O.R.: No competing interests. D.P.D.S.: member of the Insights into Imaging Scientific Editorial Board. He has not taken part in the review or selection process of this article. A.T.: No competing interests. C.W.: Chair, Commission on Informatics and Member, Board of Chancellors, American College of Radiology. Advisor: Notable Systems, and RadPair. J.S.: No competing interests.

Formato:Informe impreso

Idioma:Inglés

País de fuente:EE.UU.

Sitio web:http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/ryai.230513

Chain of Thought Utilization in Large Language Models and Application in Nephrology.

Fuente:Medicina (kaunas, Lithuania)

Extracto: It also aims to thoroughly examine the ethical aspects, clarity, and future possibilities, offering an in-depth view of the exciting convergence of these areas.

Claves:artificial intelligence, chain-of-thought prompting, decision-making process, enhanced care, large language models (LLMs), nephrology

Cita:Medicina (Kaunas) 2024 Jan 13; 60 (1)

Autor/es:Miao, Jing (a)
Thongprayoon, Charat (b)

institución:(a) Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
(b) Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Conflicto:Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de interés con la investigación

Formato:Informe virtual

Idioma:Inglés

País de fuente:Suiza

Sitio web:http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina60010148

mHealth technologies for pregnancy prevention: A challenge for patient-centred contraceptive counselling in Dutch general practice.

Fuente:The European Journal of General Practice

Tipo de trabajo:Guía

Extracto: To minimise risk of unintended pregnancy, professionals hesitated to include mHealth contraception or other FABMs in contraceptive consultations. This may hamper adequate patient-centred counselling for patients with preference for mHealth contraception.Based on these results, we proposed recommendations that foster a patient-tailored approach to mHealth contraceptives.

Claves:Contraceptive counselling, mHealth technologies, non-hormonal contraception, patient-centred care, risk minimisation

Cita:Eur J Gen Pract 2024 Dec; 30 (1) : 2302435.

Autor/es:Algera, Ellen (a)
Leusink, Peter (b)

institución:(a) Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
(b) Department of Ethics, Law & Medical Humanities, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Faculty of Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Conflicto:No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Formato:Informe impreso

Idioma:Inglés

País de fuente:Reino Unido

Sitio web:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13814788.2024.2302435

Healthy and Happy? An Ethical Investigation of Emotion Recognition and Regulation Technologies (ERR) within Ambient Assisted Living (AAL).

Fuente:Science and Engineering Ethics

Extracto: We highlight four ethical issues that specifically arise in the context of ERR in AAL systems, namely concerns regarding (1) the reductionist view of emotions, (2) solutionism as an underlying assumption of these technologies, (3) the privacy and autonomy of users and their emotions, (4) the tendency of machine learning techniques to normalise and generalise human behaviour and emotional reactions.

Claves:Ambient assisted living (AAL), Autonomy, Emotion recognition, Emotion regulation, Ethics, Privacy

Cita:Sci Eng Ethics 2024 Jan 25; 30 (1) : 2.

Autor/es:Hartmann, Kris Vera (a)
Rubeis, Giovanni (b)

institución:(a) Institute for the Study of Christian Social Service (DWI), Theological Faculty, Heidelberg University, Karlstr.16, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.
(b) Division Biomedical and Public Health Ethics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Str. 30, Krems, 3500, Austria.

Conflicto:The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.

Formato:Informe virtual

Idioma:Inglés

País de fuente:Reino Unido

Sitio web:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-024-00470-8

A scalable federated learning solution for secondary care using low-cost microcomputing: privacy-preserving development and evaluation of a COVID-19 screening test in UK hospitals.

Fuente:The Lancet. Digital Health

Tipo de trabajo:Estudio multicéntrico

Extracto: FUNDING: The Wellcome Trust, University of Oxford Medical and Life Sciences Translational Fund.

Cita:Lancet Digit Health 2024 Feb; 6 (2) : e93-e104.

Autor/es:Soltan, Andrew A S (a)
Thakur, Anshul (b)

institución:(a) Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Electronic address: andrew.soltan@oncology.ox.ac.uk.
(b) Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Conflicto:Declaration of interests DAC reports grant funding from the Wellcome Trust (217650/Z/19/Z), Research Councils UK (EP/V003321/1, EP/W031744/1, EP/P009824/1, EP/N024966/1, EP/N027000/1, and EP/N020774/1), and GlaxoSmithKline; personal fees from Oxford University Innovation, Sensyne Health, and Bristol Myers Squibb; and has received honoraria for patents held by Oxford University Innovation, all outside the submitted work. AC reports grants from Exhalation Technology, Asthma UK... (AUK-IG-2016-357), the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR; II-LA-1117-20002 and AI_AWARD02031), Glyconics, Boehringer Ingelheim (2020/M/015), and Sanofi, all outside the submitted work. DWE reports personal fees from Gilead Sciences, outside the submitted work. All other authors declare no competing interests.

Formato:Informe impreso

Idioma:Inglés

País de fuente:Reino Unido

Sitio web:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(23)00226-1

A nonhuman primate model with Alzheimer's disease-like pathology induced by hippocampal overexpression of human tau.

Fuente:Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

Extracto: This work establishes a tau-induced AD-like NHP model with many key pathological and behavioural features of AD. In addition, our model may potentially become one of the AD NHP models adopted by researchers worldwide since it can be generated within 2 ~ 3 months through a single injection of AAVs into the monkey brains. Hence, our model NHPs may facilitate mechanistic studies and therapeutic treatments for AD.

Claves:3R tau, 4R tau, Alzheimer’s disease, Blood vessel damage, Cognitive decline, Human tau, Neuroinflammation, Nonhuman primate, Tau hyperphosphorylation

Cita:Alzheimers Res Ther 2024 Jan 27; 16 (1) : 22.

Autor/es:Jiang, Zhouquan (a)
Wang, Jing (b)

institución:(a) Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
(b) Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.

Conflicto:Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de interés con la investigación

Formato:Informe virtual

Idioma:Inglés

País de fuente:Reino Unido

Sitio web:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13195-024-01392-0

Nurturing positive mental health and wellbeing in educational settings - the PRICES model.

Nurturing positive mental health and wellbeing in educational settings - the PRICES model.

Fuente:Frontiers in Public Health

Extracto: By prioritizing wellbeing, fostering a sense of community, and integrating evidence based SEL interventions, schools can positively impact the mental health and overall flourishing of students and educators, contributing to thriving communities.

Claves:SEE learning, health promotion, implementation, social and emotional learning, student health, sustainable implementation, wellbeing, whole school

Cita:Front Public Health 2023; 11 : 1287532.

Autor/es:Frazier, Tyralynn (a)
Doyle Fosco, Sebrina L (b)

institución:(a) The Center for Contemplative Sciences and Compassion-Based Ethics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
(b) The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Texas, PA, United States.

Conflicto:The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Formato:Informe virtual

Idioma:Inglés

País de fuente:Suiza

Sitio web:http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1287532

Can One Health Policy Help Us Expand an Ethics of Interconnection and Interdependence?

Fuente:Ama Journal of Ethics

Extracto: Moving toward an ethics of One Health requires a more nuanced analysis of ecological relationships, including humans' connections to other species as hosts, vectors, domestic companions, meat-eaters' food, and farmers' livelihood.

Cita:AMA J Ethics 2024 Feb 1; 26 (2) : E162-170.

Autor/es:Moving toward an ethics of One Health requires a more nuanced analysis of ecological relationships, including humans' connections to other species as hosts, vectors, domestic companions, meat-eaters' food, and farmers' livelihood.

institución:Moving toward an ethics of One Health requires a more nuanced analysis of ecological relationships, including humans' connections to other species as hosts, vectors, domestic companions, meat-eaters' food, and farmers' livelihood.

Formato:Informe virtual

Idioma:Inglés

País de fuente:EE.UU.

Sitio web:http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2024.162