LA EDUCACION ES NECESARIA PARA PREVENIR EL TRAUMATISMO CEFALICO POR ABUSO EN LOS NIÑOS





LA EDUCACION ES NECESARIA PARA PREVENIR EL TRAUMATISMO CEFALICO POR ABUSO EN LOS NIÑOS

(especial para SIIC © Derechos reservados)
El traumatismo cefálico abusivo en niños de corta edad con frecuencia es subdiagnosticado y subinformado. Los profesionales de la salud requieren entrenamiento adicional en esta área. Diversas estrategias basadas en la comunidad mostraron resultados promisorios en la educación al público acerca del traumatismo cefálico abusivo y en la prevención de su aparición.
Autor:
Michelle Ward
Columnista Experta de SIIC

Institución:
University of Ottawa


Artículos publicados por Michelle Ward
Coautor
W. James King* 
University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canadá*
Recepción del artículo
10 de Agosto, 2011
Aprobación
1 de Agosto, 2012
Primera edición
23 de Octubre, 2012
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
El abuso infantil es la causa más común de lesión cefálica grave en los niños de corta edad. A pesar de ello, el traumatismo cefálico abusivo con frecuencia es subdiagnosticado y subinformado. Esto se relaciona parcialmente con el entrenamiento inadecuado que los profesionales de la salud reciben en el reconocimiento y enfoque del abuso infantil. Actualmente, está disponible el contenido curricular para las universidades médicas y programas de residencia. Dadas las altas tasas de muerte y deterioro neurológico grave asociado con el traumatismo cefálico abusivo, la prevención se ha convertido en el centro de atención. Algunas estrategias de prevención mostraron resultados promisorios en mejorar la educación de los padres y en reducir la incidencia de lesiones. Este artículo revisa la epidemiología, las características clínicas y el desenlace del traumatismo cefálico abusivo en los niños de corta edad. También analiza las estrategias de prevención, como la educación y el contenido curricular para los profesionales de la salud.

Palabras clave
abuso infantil, maltrato, síndrome del bebé sacudido, prevención, educación de los profesionales


Artículo completo

(castellano)
Extensión:  +/-9.15 páginas impresas en papel A4
Exclusivo para suscriptores/assinantes

Abstract
Child abuse is the most common cause of serious head injury in young children. Despite this, abusive head trauma is often under-recognized and under-reported. This is partly related to the inadequate training that health professionals receive in child abuse recognition and management. Published curricula are now available for medical school and residency education. Given the high rates of death and serious neurological impairment associated with abusive head trauma, prevention has become a focus. Some prevention strategies show promising results in improving parent education and reducing the incidence of injury. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of abusive head trauma in young children. It also discusses prevention strategies, including education and curricula for health professionals.

Key words
child abuse, maltreatment, shaken baby syndrome, prevention, professional education


Full text
(english)
para suscriptores/ assinantes

Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos del Mundo >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Emergentología, Pediatría
Relacionadas: Atención Primaria, Educación Médica, Epidemiología, Medicina Familiar, Salud Mental, Salud Pública



Comprar este artículo
Extensión: 9.15 páginas impresas en papel A4

file05.gif (1491 bytes) Artículos seleccionados para su compra



Enviar correspondencia a:
Michelle Ward, University of Ottawa, K1H8L1, CHEO, 401 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, Canadá
Bibliografía del artículo
1. King WJ, Mackay M, Sirnick A, Canadian Shaken Baby Study Group. Shaken baby syndrome in Canada: clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospital cases. CMAJ 168:155-9, 2003.
2. Public Health Agency of Canada. Canadian incidence study of reported child abuse and Neglect ? 2008: Major Findings. Ottawa, 2010.
3. Bennett S, Ward M, Moreau K et al. Head injury secondary to suspected child maltreatment: results of a prospective Canadian national surveillance program. Child Abuse & Neglect 35(11):930-6, 2011.
4. Barlow KM, Minns RA. Annual incidence of shaken impact syndrome in young children. Lancet 356:1571-1572, 2000.
5. Ellingson KD, Leventhal JM, Weiss HB. Using hospital discharge data to track inflicted traumatic brain injury. Am J Prev Med 34(4 Suppl 1):S157-S62, 2008.
6. Keenan HT, Runyan DK, Marshall SW, Nocera MA, Merten DF, Sinal SH. A population-based study of inflicted traumatic brain injury in young children. JAMA 290:621-6, 2003.
7. Zolotar A, Runyan D, Foster E et al. Reported shaking of children under two in North Carolina. Pediatric Academic Society Meeting, Honolulu, 2008.
8. Reijneveld SA, Van der Wal MF, Brugman E, Sing RA, Verloove-Vanhorick SP. Infant crying and abuse. Lancet 364(9442):1340-2, 2004.
9. Maguire S, Pickerd N, Farewell D, Mann M, Tempest V, Kemp AM. Which clinical features distinguish inflicted from non-inflicted brain injury? A systematic review. Archives of Disease in Childhood 94(11):860-867, 2009.
10. Vinchon M, De Foort-Dhellemmes S, Desurmont M, Delestret I. Confessed abuse versus witnessed accidents in infants: comparison of clinical, radiological, and ophthalmological data in corroborated cases. Childs Nervous System 26(5):637-45, 2010.
11. Kemp AM, Jaspan T, Griffiths J et al. Neuroimaging:what neuroradiological features distinguish abusive from non-abusive head trauma? A systematic review. Arch Dis Child 96:1103-12, 2011.
12. Kemp AM. Abusive head trauma: recognition and the essential investigation. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 96(6):202-8, 2011. Epub 2011 Sep 26.
13. Ewing-Cobbs L, Prasad M, Kramer L et al. Acute neuroradiologic findings in young children with inflicted or noninflicted traumatic brain injury. Child?s Nerv Syst 16:25-34, 2000.
14. Shugerman RP, Paez A, Grossman D, Feldman KW, Grady MS. Epidural hemorrhage: is it abuse? Pediatrics 97(5):664-8, 1996.
15. Jenny C, Hymel KP, Ritzen A, Reinert SE, Hay TC. Analysis of missed cases of abusive head trauma. JAMA 281:621-6, 1999.
16. Rubin DM, Christian CW, Bilaniuk LT, Zazyczny KA, Durbin DR. Occult head injury in high-risk abused children. Pediatrics 111:1382-6, 2003.
17. Laskey AL, Holsti M, Runyan DK, Socolar RR. Occult head trauma in young suspected victims of physical abuse. J Pediatr 144:719-22, 2004.
18. American Academy of Pediatrics. Diagnostic imaging of child abuse 105(6):1345-8, 2009.
19. Jenny C editor. Child abuse and neglect: diagnosis, treatment, and evidence. St. Louis, Saunders, 2011.
20. Kleinman PK. Diagnostic imaging of child abuse. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 2000.
21. Barlow KM, Thomson E, Johnson D. Late neurologic and cognitive sequelae of inflicted traumatic brain injury in infancy. Pediatrics 116(2):e174-85, 2005.
22. Barlow K, Thompson E, Johnson D, Minns RA. The neurological outcome of non-accidental head injury. Ped Rehab 7(3):195-203, 2004.
23. Beers SR, Berger RP, Adelson PD. Neurocognitive outcome and serum biomarkers in inflicted versus non-inflicted traumatic brain injury in young children. J Neurotrauma 24:97-105, 2007.
24. Keenan HT, Runyan DK, Marshall SW, Nocera MA, Merten DF. A population-based comparison of clinical and outomce characteristics of young children with serious inflicted and noninflicted traumatic brain injury. Pediatrics 114:633-639, 2004.
25. Ewing-Cobbs L, Kramer L, Prasad M et al. Neuroimaging, physical, and developmental findings after inflicted and noninflicted traumatic brain injury in young children. Pediatrics 102:300-307, 1998.
26. Ewing-Cobbs L, Prasad M, Kramer L, Landry S. Inflicted traumatic brain injury: relationship of developmental outcome to severity of injury. Pediatric Neurosurg 31:251-258, 1999.
27. Hymel KP, Makoroff KL, Laskey AL, Conaway MR, Blackman JA. Mechanisms, clinical presentations, injuries and outcomes from inflicted versus noninflicted head trauma during infancy: results of a prospective, multicentered comparative study. Pediatrics 119:922-929, 2007.
28. Keenan HT, Runyan DK, Nocera MA. Child outcomes and family characteristics 1 year after severe inflicted or noninflicted traumatic brain injury. Pediatrics 117:317-324, 2006.
29. Keenan HT, Runyan DK, Nocera MA. Longitudinal follow-up of families and young children with traumatic brain injury. Pediatrics 117:1291-1297, 2006.
30. Ewing-Cobbs L, Prasad M, Kramer L et al. Late intellectual and academic outcomes following traumatic brain injury sustained during early childhood. J Neurosurg 105:S287-S296, 2006.
31. Showers J. Child behavior management cards: prevention tools for teens. Child Abuse Negl 15:313-316, 1991.
32. Showers J. Behaviour management cards as a method of anticipatory guidance for parents. Child Care Health Dev 15:401-15, 1989.
33. Showers J, Johnson C. Students? knowledge of child health and development: effects on approaches to discipline. J Sch Health 54:122-5, 1984.
34. Showers J, Johnson C. Child development, child health and child rearing knowledge about urban adolescents: Are they adequately prepared for the challenges of parenthood? Health Educ 16:37-41, 1985.
35. Barr RG, Rivara FP, Barr M et al. Effectiveness of educational materials designed to change knowledge and behaviors regarding crying and shaken-baby syndrome in mothers of newborns: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics 123:972-980 2009.
36. Barr RG, Barr M, Fujiwara T, Conway J, Catherine N, Brant R. Do educational materials change knowledge and behavior about crying and shaken baby syndrome? A randomized controlled trial. CMAJ 727-33, 2009.
37. Dias MS, Smith K, De Guehery K, Mazur P, Li V, Shaffer ML. Preventing abusive head trauma among infants and young children: a hospital-based, parent education program. Pediatrics 115(4):e470-7, 2005.
38. Mikton C, Butchart A. Child maltreatment prevention: a systematic review of reviews. Bull World Health Organ 87:353-61, 2009.
39. Macmillan HL, MacMillan JH, Offord DR, Griffith L, MacMillan A. Primary preventin of child physical abuse and neglect: A critical review. Part 1. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 35:835-56, 1994.
40. MacMillan HL. Canadian task force on preventive health care. Preventive health care, 2000 update: Prevention of child maltreatment. CMAJ 163:1451-8, 2000.
41. MacMilan HL Wathen CN, Barlow J, Fergusson DM, Leventhal JM, Taussig HN. Interventions to prevent child maltreatment and associate impairment. Lancet 373:250-66, 2008.
42. Olds DL, Sadler L, Kitzman H. Programs for parents of infants and toddlers: recent evidence from randomized trials. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 48(3):355-91, 2007.
43. Geeraert L, Van den Noortgate W, Grietens H, Onghena P. The effects of early prevention programs for families with young children at risk for physical child abuse and neglect: a meta-analysis. Child Maltreatment 9(3):277-91, 2004.
44. Lundahl BW, Nimer J, Parsons B. Preventing child abuse: a meta-analysis of parent training programs. Research Soc Work Practice 16(3):251-62, 2006.
45. Olds D, Henderson CR Jr, Cole R et al. Long-term effects of home visitation on maternal life course and child abuse and neglect: 15-year follow-up of a randomized trial. JAMA 278:637-43, 1997.
46. Ward MGK, Bennett S, Plint AC, King WJ, Jabbour M, Gaboury I. Child protection: a neglected area of pediatric residency training. Child Abuse Negl 28:1113-22, 2004.
47. Biehler JL, Apolo J, Burton L. Views of pediatric emergency fellows and fellowship directors concerning training experiences in child abuse and neglect. Pediatr Emerg Care 12:365-9, 1996.
48. Yehuda YB, Attar-Schwartz S, Ziv A, Jedwab M, Benbenishty R. Child abuse and neglect: reporting by health professionals and their need for training. IMAJ 12:598-602, 2010.
49. Bernard-ThompsonK, Leichner P. Psychiatric residents? views on their training and experience regarding issues related to child abuse. Can J Psychiatry 44:769-74, 1999.
50. Dubow SR, Giardino AP, Christian CW, Johnson CF. Do pediatric chief residents recognize details of prepubertal female genital anatomy? A national survey. Child Abuse Negl 29(2):195-205, 2005.
51. Narayan AP, Socolar RR, St Claire K. Pediatric residency training in child abuse and neglect in the United States. Pediatrics 117(6):2215-21, 2006.
52. Starling SP, Heisler KW, Paulson JF, Youmans E. Child abuse training and knowledge: a national survey of emergency medicine, family medicine, and pediatric residents and program directors. Pediatrics 12(4):e595-e602, 2009.
53. Flaherty EG, Sege RD, Griffith JL et al. From suspicion to report: primary care clinician decision-making. The child abuse recognition experience study research group. Pediatrics 122(3):611-619, 2008.
54. Jones R, Flaherty EG, Binns HJ et al. Clinicians? description of factors influencing their reporting of suspected chid abuse: report of the Child Abuse Reporting Experience Study Research Group. Pediatrics 122(2):259-266, 2008.
55. Starling SP, Boos S. Core content for residency training in child abuse and neglect. Child Maltreatment 8(4):242-7, 2003.
56. Anderst J, Dowd MD. Comparative needs in child abuse education and resources: perceptions from three medical specialties. Med Ed Online 15:5193, 2010.
57. Sugarman JM, Hertweck SP, Giardino AP. Letter to the editor: Using the PALS approach to design a curriculum on the evaluation of children suspected to have been sexually abused. Pediatric Emergency Care 13:84-5, 1997.
58. Dubowitz H, Black M. Teaching pediatric residents about child maltreatment. J Developm Behav Ped 12:305-7, 1991.
59. Showers J, Laird M. Improving knowledge of emergency physicians about child physical and sexual abuse. 7:275-7, 1991.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Está expresamente prohibida la redistribución y la redifusión de todo o parte de los contenidos de la Sociedad Iberoamericana de Información Científica (SIIC) S.A. sin previo y expreso consentimiento de SIIC.
ua31618