DESCRIBEN LA FISIOPATOGENIA DE LA HIPERTROFIA VENTRICULAR IZQUIERDA EN LA HIPERTENSION ARTERIAL




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DESCRIBEN LA FISIOPATOGENIA DE LA HIPERTROFIA VENTRICULAR IZQUIERDA EN LA HIPERTENSION ARTERIAL

(especial para SIIC © Derechos reservados)
La hipertrofia cardíaca se produce en respuesta a estímulos que disparan vías de señalización que activan respuestas celulares con incremento del tamaño celular, aumento de la expresión de genes embrionarios, acumulación y ensamble de proteínas contráctiles, o apoptosis.
piszkorz9.jpg Autor:
Daniel Leonardo Piskorz
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Instituto de Cardiología del Sanatorio Británico de Rosario


Artículos publicados por Daniel Leonardo Piskorz
Recepción del artículo
17 de Marzo, 2006
Primera edición
5 de Mayo, 2006
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
La hipertrofia cardíaca es el aumento de la masa miocárdica caracterizada por un incremento del tamaño individual de los miocitos y una expansión de la matriz extracelular en respuesta a estímulos mecánicos, hemodinámicos, neurohumorales, hormonales o patológicos. Los miocitos y los fibroblastos actúan como sensores biomecánicos que expresan genes embrionarios que llevan a la hipertrofia fisiológica, la hipertrofia concéntrica, la hipertrofia excéntrica o la apoptosis. La hipertrofia ventricular izquierda se caracteriza por cambios fenotípicos en la expresión de proteínas sarcomerales y del intersticio similar al patrón fetal, con disminución de miosina de cadenas pesadas alfa y Ca++2 ATPasa del retículo sarcoendoplásmico, y aumento de miosina de cadenas pesadas beta. La hipertrofia ventricular izquierda se produce porque se estimula la síntesis de proteínas tanto a nivel celular como extracelular, y los individuos hipertensos con o sin hipertrofia ventricular izquierda tienen mayor cantidad de tejido colágeno intersticial que sujetos normotensos controles. La apoptosis está anormalmente estimulada en el miocardio de pacientes con hipertensión arterial esencial, y se ha observado apoptosis incrementada en hipertrofia ventricular izquierda de seres humanos y de ratas espontáneamente hipertensas. Tanto las señales de crecimiento como de apoptosis son generadas por la liberación de factores de crecimiento y citoquinas tales como endotelina 1, angiotensina II, cardiotrofina 1, o factor de crecimiento insulínico tipo 1, es decir que existen vías de señalización que activan respuestas celulares tales como incremento del tamaño celular, aumento de la expresión de genes embrionarios, acumulación y ensamble de proteínas contráctiles, o apoptosis. La inducción de genes de péptidos natriuréticos es una característica de la hipertrofia en todas las especies de mamíferos.

Palabras clave
fisiopatogenia, hipertrofia ventricular izquierda, hipertensión arterial


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Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is the enlargement of myocardial mass characterized by an increase in the individual size of the myocites and the expansion of the extra cellular matrix in response to mechanical, hemodynamic, neurohumoral or pathologic stimuli. Myocites and fibroblasts are biomechanical sensors that express embryonic genes that could develop physiologic hypertrophy, concentric hypertrophy, eccentric hypertrophy or apoptosis. Left ventricular hypertrophy is characterized by phenotypic changes in the expression of sarcomeral proteins and of the intersticium similar to the fetal pattern, and a reduction of alpha myosin heavy chains and sarco - endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase is observable as well as an increase of beta myosin heavy chains. Left ventricular hypertrophy is produced as proteins synthesis is stimulated at the cellular level as well as at the extra cellular level, and subjects with arterial hypertension with or without hypertrophy have a greater amount of interstice collagen tissue than non-hypertensive controls. Apoptosis is abnormally stimulated at the myocardium of patients with primary hypertension and an increase in apoptosis was observed in left ventricular hypertrophy of humans and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Growth and apoptosis signals are generated by liberation of growth factors and cytokines like endothelin 1, angiotensin II, cardiotrophin 1 or insuline - like growth factor type 1, so there are signaling pathways that activate cellular answers like increase in the cellular size, increase in the expression of embryonic genes, accumulation and joint of contractile proteins or apoptosis. The induction of genes of natriuretic peptides is a feature of left ventricle hypertrophy in all-mammalian species.

Key words
physiopathogenic, left ventricle hypertrophy, arterial hypertension


Clasificación en siicsalud
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Especialidades
Principal: Cardiología
Relacionadas: Medicina Interna



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Daniel L Piskorz, , 2000, Salta 2942 1º 2, Rosario, Argentina
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Clasificado en
Artículos originales>
Expertos del Mundo

Especialidad principal:
Cardiología


Relacionadas:
Medicina Interna
 
 
 
 
 
 
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