HIPERTIROIDISMO SUBCLINICO





HIPERTIROIDISMO SUBCLINICO

(especial para SIIC © Derechos reservados)
El hipertiroidismo subclínico se define como aquella condición caracterizada por la normalidad de las hormonas tiroideas periféricas, con tirotropina sérica (TSH) baja.
ginez.jpg Autor:
Ricardo Gómez De La Torre
Columnista Experto de SIIC
Artículos publicados por Ricardo Gómez De La Torre
Coautores
J. Otero Díez* S. Rubio Barbón* 
Servicio Cirugía General. Centro: Hospital Carmen y Severo Ochoa. INSALUD.*
Recepción del artículo
30 de Junio, 2003
Primera edición
31 de Agosto, 2004
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
El hipertiroidismo subclínico (HSC) puede definirse como aquella condición en la que existen bajos niveles de TSH en un paciente asintomático con niveles normales de T4 libre (T4L) y T3. La secreción de TSH puede incluso encontrarse suprimida en presencia de niveles normales de T3 y T4L. La introducción, a mediados de la década de los \'80, de las determinaciones más sensibles para medir los niveles de la TSH y los métodos de tercera generación han permitido detectar aproximadamente 0.01 microunidades/mL (0.01 mU/L). El HSC puede ser una entidad variada según se trate de enfermedad de Graves o de bocio multinodular evolucionado. Los pacientes con estas patologías no presentan signos clínicos de hipertiroidismo clínico evidente. La historia clínica detallada y la evolución llevan a evaluar el HSC por los efectos que puede producir sobre corazón y hueso. Una opción razonable de tratamiento para la mayoría de los pacientes es la utilización de bajas dosis de antitiroideos durante 12 meses, en un esfuerzo para inducir la remisión.


Artículo completo

(castellano)
Extensión:  +/-4.74 páginas impresas en papel A4
Exclusivo para suscriptores/assinantes

Abstract
Subclinical thyrotoxicosis may be defined as a low serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentration in an asymptomatic patient with normal serum free thyroxine (T4L) and triiodothyronine (T3). The introduction in the mid-1980s of sensitive assays for TSH and a third-generation assay capable of detecting approximately 0.01 μU per mL (0.01 mU per L). Subclinical hyperthyroidism may be a distinct clinical entity, related only in part to Graves´ disease or multinodular goiter. Persons with subclinical hyperthyroidism usually do not present with specific signs or symptoms associated with over hyperthyroidism. A detailed clinical story should be obtained, a physical and evolution conducted as part of an assessment of patients for subclinical hyperthyroidism and to ealuate the possible deleterious effects of excess thyroid hormone on end organs (heart, bone). A reasonable option for many patients is a therapheutic trial of low dose antithyroid agents for approximately six to 12 months in an effort to induce a remission.


Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos de Iberoamérica >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Endocrinología y Metabolismo
Relacionadas: Atención Primaria, Diagnóstico por Laboratorio, Medicina Interna



Comprar este artículo
Extensión: 4.74 páginas impresas en papel A4

file05.gif (1491 bytes) Artículos seleccionados para su compra



Bibliografía del artículo
  1. Marqusee E, Haden ST, Utiger RD. Subclinical thyrotoxicosis. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1998;27 (1):37-49.
  2. Charkes ND. The many causes of subclinical hyperthyroidism. Thyroid. 1996;6(5):391-396.
  3. Al- Abadi AC. Subclinical thyrotoxicosis. Postgrad Med J. 2001;77:29-32.
  4. Koutras DA. Subclinical hyperthyroidism. Thyroid. 1999;9(3):311-315.
  5. Stott DJ, McLellan AR, Finlayson J, Chu P, Alexander WD. Elderly patients with suppressed serum TSH but normal free thyroid hormone levels usually have mild thyroid overractivity and are at risk of developing overt hyperthyroidism. Quart J Med. 1991;78:77-84
  6. Sawin CT, Geller A, Wolf PA, Belanger AJ, Baker E, Bacharach P. Low serum thyrotropin concentrations as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in older persons. N Engl J Med. 1994; 331:1249-1252.
  7. Chernova T, Gerasimov G, Gonchrov N. A new method for diagnosing subclinical hyperthyroidism in patients with supressed TSH levels. 24 th Annual Meeting of the European Thyroid Association, Munich, Germany, August 30-September 3. J. Endocrinol Invest. 1997;20 (Suppl to nº5):Abstract 208, 104-105.
  8. Surks MI, Ocampo E. Subclinical thyroid disease. Am J Med. 1996;100:217-223.
  9. Rae P, Farrar J, Beckett G, Toft A. Assessment of thyroid status in elderly people. Br Med J. 1993;307:177-180.
  10. Eggertsen R, Petersen K, Lundberg P-A, Nystrom E, Lindstedt G. Screening for thyroid disease in a primary care unit with a thyroid stimulating hormone assay with a low detection limit. Br Med J. 1988;297:1586-1592.
  11. Gómez de la Torre R, Enguix Armada A, García L, Otero Díez J. Estudio de la enfermedad nodular tiroidea en una zona previamente bociógena. An Med Interna (Madrid).1993;10:487-489.
  12. Sandrock D, Olbricht T, Emrich D. Long-term follow-up in patients with autonomous thyroid adenoma. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1993;331:1249-1253.
  13. Elte JWF, Bussmaker JK, Haak A. The natural history of euthyroid multinodular goitre. Postgrad Med J. 1990;66:186-190.
  14. Haden ST, Marqusee E, Utiger RD. Suclinica hyperthyroidism. The Endocrinologist. 1996;6:322-327.
  15. Kasagi K, Kousaka T, Misaki T, Iwata I, Alam MS, Konishi J. Comparison of serum thyrotropin concentrations determined by a third generation assay in patients with various types of overt and subclinical thyrotoxicosis. Clin Endocrinol. 1999;50: 185-189.
  16. Kasagi K, Takeuchi R, Misaki T, Kousaka T, Miyamoto S, Iida Y, Konishi J. Subclinical Graves\' disease as a cause of subnormal TSH levels in euthyroid subjects. J Endocrinol Invest. 1997;20:183-188.
  17. Laurberg P, Pedersen KM, Vestergaard H, Sigurdsson G. High incidence of multinodular toxic goitre in the elderly population in a low iodine intake area versus high incidence of Graves\' disease in the young in a high iodine intake area: Comparative surveys of thyrotoxicosis epidemiology in East-Jutland, Denmark and Iceland. J Intern Med. 1991;229:415-420.
  18. Ross DS. Subclinica thyrotoxicosis. In Braverman LE, Utiger RD (eds). Werner and Ingbar\'s. The Thyroid. 1996, 7th ed. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, New York. 1996:1016-1020.
  19. Biondi B, Fazio S, Carella C, Amato G, Cittadini A, Lupoli G. Cardiac effects of long term thyrotropin-suppresive therapy with levothyroxine. J. Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993;77:334-8.
  20. Biondi B, Fazio S, Carella C, Sabatini D, Amato G, Cittadini A, Bellastella A, Lombardi G, Saccà L. Control of adrenergic overactivity by B-blockade improves the quality of life in patients receiving long term suppressive therapy with levothyroxine. J Cin Endocrinol Metab. 1995;80:1028-1033.
  21. Fazio S, Biondi B, Carella C, Sabatini D, Cittadini A, Panza N, Lombardi G, Saccà L. Diastolyc dysfunction in patients on thyroid-stimulating hormone suppressive therapy with levothyroxine:beneficial effect of B-blockade. J Clin Endocrinol. Metab.1995;80:2222-2226
  22. Krahn AD, Klein J, Kerr CR, Boone J, Sheldon R, Green M, Talajic M, Wang X, Connolly R; from the Canadian Registry of Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. How useful is thyroid function testing in patients with recent-onset atrial fibrillation .Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:2221-2224.
  23. Parle JV, Maisonneuve P, Sheppard MC, Boyle P, Franklyn JA. Prediction of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in elderly people from one low serum thyrotropin result: a 10- year cohort study. Lancet. 2001;358:861-865.
  24. Sawin CT. Subclinical Hyperthyroidism and atrial fibrillation. Thyroid. 2002;12:501-503.
  25. Auer J, Scheibner P, Mische T, Langsteger W, Eber O, Eber B. Subclinical hyperthyroidism as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J.2001;142: 838-842.
  26. Biondi B, Palmieri EA, Lombardi G, Fazio S. Effects of subclinical thyroid dysfunction on the heart. An Intern Med.2002 ;137:904-914.
  27. Földes J, Tarján G, Szathmarl M, Varga F, Krasznal I, Horvath Cs. Bone density in patients with endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism: Is this thyroid status a risk factor for osteoporosis Clin Endocrinolo. 1993;39:521-527.
  28. Lee MS, Kim SJ, Lee MC. Negative correlation between the changes in bone mineral density and serum osteocalcin in patients with hyperthyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990;70:766-70.
  29. Bauer DC, Nevitt MC, Ettinger B, Stone K. Low thyrotropin levels are not associated with bone loss in older women: a pospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:2931-2935.
  30. Ross DS, Neer RM, Ridgway EC, Daniels GH. Subclinical hyperthyroidism and reduced bone density as a posible result of prolongued suppression of the pituitary-thyroid axis with L-thyroxine. Am J Med.1987;82:1167-1171.
  31. Paul TL, Kerrigan J, Kelly A-M, Braverman LE, Baran DT. Long term L-thyroxine therapy is associated with decreased hip bone density in premenopausal womwn. JAMA.1988;259:3137-3141.
  32. Diamond T, Nery L, Hules I. A therapeutic dilemma. Suppressive doses of thyroxine significantly reduce bone mineral measurements in both premenopuausal and postmenopausal women with thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990;72:1184-1188.
  33. Faber J, Galloe AM. Changes in bone mass during prolongued subclinical hyperthyroidism due to L-thyroxine treatment : a meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol. 1994;130: 350-356.
  34. Marcocci C, Golia F, Bruno-Bossio G, Vignali E, Pinchera A. Carefully monitored levothyroxine suppressive therapy is not associated with bone loss in premenopausal womwn: J Clin Endocrinol Metab.1994;78:818-823.
  35. Marcocci C, Golia F, Vignali E, Pinchera A. Skeletal integrity in men chronically treated with suppressive doses of L-thyroxine. J Bone Miner Res.1997;12:72-77.
  36. Nolte W, Muller R, Siggelkow H, Emrich D, Hufner M. Prophylactic application of thyrostatic drugs during excessive iodine exposure in euthyroid patients with thyroid autonomy: A randomized study. Eur J Endocrinol. 1996;134: 337-341.
  37. Utiger RD. Subclinical hyperthyroidism-Just a low serum thyrotropin concentration, or something more N Engl J Med. 1994;331:1302-1303.
  38. Shrier DK, Burman KD. Subclinical Hyperthyroidism: Controversies in management. Am Fam Phys. 2002;65:431-438.

Título español
Resumen
 Bibliografía
 Artículo completo
(exclusivo a suscriptores)
 Autoevaluación
  Tema principal en SIIC Data Bases
 Especialidades

 English title
 Abstract
  Key words
Full text
(exclusivo a suscriptores)


Autor 
Artículos
Correspondencia

Patrocinio y reconocimiento
Imprimir esta página
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Está expresamente prohibida la redistribución y la redifusión de todo o parte de los contenidos de la Sociedad Iberoamericana de Información Científica (SIIC) S.A. sin previo y expreso consentimiento de SIIC.
ua31618