Bibliografía del artículo
1. Tutrone WD, Kagen MH, Barbagallo J, Weinberg JM. Biologic therapy for psoriasis: a brief history, II. Cutis 2001; 68:367-372.
2. Singri P, West DP, Gordon KB. Biologic therapy for psoriasis: the new therapeutic frontier. Arch Dermatol 2002; 138:657-663.
3. Weinberg JM. An overview of infliximab, etanercept, efalizumab, and alefacept as biologic therapy for psoriasis. Clin Ther 2003; 25:2487-2505.
4. Gottlieb AB, Evans R, Li S, Dooley LT, Guzzo CA, Baker D, Bala M, Marano CW, Menter A. Infliximab induction therapy for patients with severe plaque-type psoriasis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004; 51:534-542.
5. Reich K, Nestle FO, Papp K, Ortonne JP, Evans R, Guzzo C, Li S, Dooley LT, Griffiths CE; EXPRESS study investigators. Infliximab induction and maintenance therapy for moderate-to-severe psoriasis: a phase III, multicentre, double-blind trial. Lancet 2005; 366:1367-1374.
6. Leonardi C, Powers JL, Matheson RT, Goffe BS, Zitnik R, Wang A, et al. Etanercept as monotherapy in patients with psoriasis. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:2014-2022.
7. Papp KA, Tyring S, Lahfa M, Prinz J, Griffiths CE, Nakanishi AM, Zitnik R, van de Kerkhof PC, Melvin L; Etanercept Psoriasis Study Group. A global phase III randomized controlled trial of etanercept in psoriasis: safety, efficacy, and effect of dose reduction. Br J Dermatol 2005; 152:1304-1312.
8. Magliocco MA, Gottlieb AB. Etanercept therapy for patients with psoriatic arthritis and concurrent hepatitis C virus infection: report of 3 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004; 51:580-584.
9. Adalimumab (HUMIRA) for rheumatoid arthritis. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2003; 45:25-27.
10. Gordon KB, Leonardi C, Menter MA, Langley R, Chen DM. Adalimumab efficacy and safety in patients with moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis: preliminary findings from a 12-week dose-ranging trial. Poster presented at: American Academy of Dermatology, 62nd Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, February 6-11, 2004, Poster 2.
11. Langley R, Leonardi C, Toth D, Hoofman R. Long-term safety and efficacy of adalimumab in the treatment of moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis. Poster presented at: 63rd Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology; February 18-22, 2005; New Orleans, LA, Poster 8.
12. Lebwohl M. New developments in the treatment of psoriasis. Arch Dermatol 2002; 138:686-688.
13. Keane J, Gershon S, Wise RP, Mirabile-Levens E, Kasznica J, Schwieterman WD, et al. Tuberculosis associated with infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor alpha-neutralizing agent. N Engl J Med 2001; 345; 1098-1104.
14. Bresnihan B, Cunnane G. Infection complications associated with the use of biologic agents. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2003; 29:185-202.
15. Gardam MA, Keystone EC, Menzies R, Manners S, Skamene E, Long R, et al. Anti-tumour necrosis factor agents and tuberculosis risk: mechanisms of action and clinical management. Lancet Infect Dis 2003; 3:148-155.
16. Hamilton CD. Infectious complications of treatment with biologic agents.
Curr Opin Rheumatol 2004; 16:393-398.
17. Brown SL, Greene MH, Gershon SK, Edwards ET, Braun MM. Tumor necrosis factor antagonist therapy and lymphoma development: twenty-six cases reported to the Food and Drug Administration. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 46:3151-3158.
18. Wolfe F, Michaud K. Lymphoma in rheumatoid arthritis: the effect of methotrexate and anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in 18,572 patients. Arthritis Rheum 2004; 50:1740-1751.
19. Adams AE, Zwicker J, Curiel C, Kadin ME, Falchuk KR, Drews R, Kupper TS. Aggressive cutaneous T-cell lymphomas after TNF alpha blockade. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004; 51:660-662.
20. WedMD. Available at: http://my.webmd.com/content/article/95/103188.htm. Accessed September 11, 2005.
21. FDA Advisory Committee. Arthritis Cmte. Will Discuss Risk of Lymphoma With TNF Inhibitors At March 4 Meeting. Available at: http://www.fdaadvisorycommittee.com/FDC/AdvisoryCommittee/Committees/Arthritis+Drugs/030403_TNFsafety/030403_TNFsafetyP.htm. Accessed September 11, 2005.
22. Mohan N, Edwards ET, Cupps TR, Oliverio PJ, Sandberg G, Crayton H, Richert JR, Siegel JN. Demyelination occurring during anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy for inflammatory arthritides. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44:2862-2869.
23. Kwon HJ, Cote TR, Cuffe MS, Kramer JM, Braun MM. Case reports of heart failure after therapy with a tumor necrosis factor antagonist. Ann Intern Med 2003; 138:807-811.
24. Debandt M, Vittecoq O, Descamps V, Le Loet X, Meyer O. Anti-TNF-alpha-induced systemic lupus syndrome. Clin Rheumatol 2003; 22:56-61.
25. Watts RA. Musculoskeletal and systemic reactions to biological therapeutic agents. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2000; 12:49-52.
26. Maini R, St Clair EW, Breedveld F, Furst D, Kalden J, Weisman M, et al. Infliximab (chimeric anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving concomitant methotrexate: a randomised phase III trial. ATTRACT Study Group. Lancet 1999; 354:1932-1939.
27. Rutgeerts P, D'Haens G, Targan S, Vasiliauskas E, Hanauer SB, Present DH, et al. Efficacy and safety of retreatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody (infliximab) to maintain remission in Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 1999; 117:761-769.
28. Shakoor N, Michalska M, Harris CA, Block JA. Drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus associated with etanercept therapy [letter]. Lancet 2002; 359:579-580.
29. Lebwohl M, Tyring SK, Hamilton TK, Toth D, Glazer S, Tawfik NH, et al. A novel targeted T-cell modulator, efalizumab, for plaque psoriasis. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:2004-2013.
30. Gordon KB, Papp KA, Hamilton TK, Walicke PA, Dummer W, Li N, Bresnahan BW, Menter A; Efalizumab Study Group. Efalizumab for patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003; 290:3073-3080.
31. Menter A, Kardatzke D, Rundle AC, Kwon P, Garovoy MR, Leonardi CL. Incidence and prevention of rebound upon efalizumab discontinuation. Poster presented at: 10th International Psoriasis Symposium, Toronto, Canada, June 10-13, 2004.
32. Toth DP, Papp KA. Managing recurrence of psoriasis following abrupt withdrawal form efalizumab therapy. Poster presented at: 10th International Psoriasis Symposium, Toronto, Canada, June 10-13, 2004.
33. Cather JC, Menter A. Efalizumab: continuous therapy for chronic psoriasis.
Expert Opin Biol Ther 2005; 5:393-403.
34. RAPTIVA® (efalizumab) package insert. South San Francisco, Calif: Genentech, Inc; 2005.
35. Lebwohl M, Christophers E, Langley R, Ortonne JP, Roberts J, Griffiths CE, et al. An international, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial of intramuscular alefacept in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. Arch Dermatol 2003; 139:719-727.
36. Krueger GG, Ellis CN. Alefacept therapy produces remission for patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2003; 148:784-788.
37. Ellis CN, Krueger GG. Treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis by selective targeting of memory effector T lymphocytes. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:248-255.
38. Gribetz CH, Blum R, Brady C, Cohen S, Lebwohl M. Safety and efficacy of an extended course (16 weeks) of alefacept in the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. Poster presented at: Summer Academy 2004 of the American Academy of Dermatology; July 28-August 1, 2004; New York, New York, Poster 74.
39. Amevive® (alefacept package insert. Cambridge, Mass: Biogen, Inc; 2005.