Bibliografía del artículo
1. Bruster S, Jarman B, Bosanquet N et al. National survey of hospital patients. BMJ 1994; 309:1542-46.
2. Audit Commission. Anaesthesia under examination. Audit Commission: London, 1997.
3. McQuay HJ, Moore RA, Justins D. Treating acute pain in hospital. BMJ 1997; 314:1531-35.
4. Latham J and Davis BD. The socio-economic impact of chronic pain. Disabil Rehabil 1994; 16:39-44.
5. Rudy TE, Kerns RD, Turk DC. Chronic pain and depression: toward a cognitive behavioural model. Pain 1988; 35:129-40.
6. Merskey H, Bogduk N. Classification of chronic pain. Seattle: International Association for the Study of Pain Press, 1994:210.
7. Clark JD. Chronic pain prevalence and analgesic prescribing in a general medical population. J Pain Symptom Manage 2002; 23:131-37.
8. Zagari MJ, Mazonson PD, Longton WC. Pharmacoeconomics of chronic non-malignant pain. Pharmacoeconomics 1996; 10:356-77.
9. Verhaak PFM, Kerssens JJ, Dekker J et al. Prevalence of chronic benign pain disorder among adults:a review of the literature. Pain 1998; 77:231-39.
10. Crook J, Rideout E, Browne G. The prevalence of pain complaints in a general population. Pain 1984; 18:299-314.
11. Brattberg G, Thorslund M, Wikman A. The prevalence of pain in a general population: the results of a postal survey in a county of Sweden. Pain 1989; 37:215-22.
12. Van Korff M, Wagner EH, Dworkin SF et al. Chronic pain and use of ambulatory health care. Psychom Med 1991; 53:61-79.
13. Elliott AM, Smith BH, Penny KI et al. The epidemiology of chronic pain in the community. Lancet 1999; 354:1248-52.
14. Elliott AM, Smith BH, Hannaford PC et al. The course of chronic pain in the community: results of a 4-year follow-up study. Pain, 2002; 99:299-307.
15. http://www.arthritiscare.org.uk/news/detail.cfm?newsid=266®ion=uk. Accessed 23rd October 2002.
16. Reginster JY. The prevalence and burden of arthritis. Rheumatology 2002; 41 (suppl. 1):3-6.
17. National Institute for Clinical Excellence. The use of etanercept and infliximab for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Technology Appraisal, No. 36.
18. Drummond MF. Cost-of-illness studies: a major headache? Pharmacoeconomics 1992; 2:1-4.
19. Koopmanschap MA, Rutten FFH, van Ineveld BM, van Roijen L. The friction cost method for measuring indirect costs of disease. Journal of Health Economics 1995; 14:171-89.
20. Borghouts JAJ, Koes BW, Vondeling H, Bouter LM. Cost-of-illness of neck pain in The Netherlands in 1996. Pain 1999; 629-36.
21. Maniadakis N and Gray A. The economic burden of back pain in the UK. Pain 2000; 84:95-103.
22. Bolten W, Kempel-Waibel A, Pforringer W. Analysis of the cost of illness in backache. Med Klin 1998; 93:388-93.
23. van Jaarsveld CHM, Jacobs JWG, Schrivers AJP et al. Direct cost of rheumatoid arthritis during the first six years: a cost-of-illness study. British Journal of Rheumatology, 1998; 37:837-47.
24. Department of Health. Prescription Cost Analysis for England 2000. http://www.doh.gov.uk/stats/pca2000.htm (Accessed October 30th 2002).
25. Walsh K, Cruddas M, Coggon D. Low back pain in eight areas of Britain. J Epidemiol Community Health 1993; 46:227-30.
26. Belsey J. Primary care workload in the management of chronic pain: A retrospective cohort study using a GP database to identify resource implications for UK primary care. Journal of Medical Economics 2002; 5:39-52.
27. Phillips CJ. The real cost of pain management. Anaesthesia 2001; 56:1031-3.
28. Merkesdal S, Mittendorf JRT, Zeidler H, Mau W. Indirect medical costs in the first 3 years of rheumatoid arthritis:comparison of current methodological approaches. Expert Rev. Pharmacoeconomics Outcomes Res, 2002; 2:313-8.
29. Frank AO, Chamberlain MA. Keeping our patients at work: implications for the management of those with rheumatoid arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions. Rheumatology, 2001; 40:1201-5.
30. Autret-Leca E, Bertin P, Boulu P et al. La doleur aiguë de l'adulte en médecine générale. Enquête épidéiologique transversale nationale. Rev Pract, 2002 ; 16:648-52.
31. Sokka T, Kautiainen H, Mottonen T, et al. Work disability in rheumatoid arthritis 10 years after the diagnosis. J Rheumatol 1999; 26:1681-5.
32. Jantti J, Aho K, Kaarela K, et al. Work disability in an inception cohort of patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis: a 20-year study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 1999; 38:1138-41.
33. Eberhardt K, Larsson BM, Nived K. Early rheumatoid arthritis - some social, economical, and psychological aspects. Scand J Rheumatol 1993; 22:119-23.
34. Albers JM, Kuper HH, van Riel PL, et al. Socio-economic consequences of rheumatoid arthritis in the first years of the disease. Rheumatology (Oxford) 1999; 38(5):423-30.
35. Kaarela K, Lehtinen K, Luukkainen R. Work capacity of patients with inflammatory joint diseases. An eight-year follow-up study. Scand J Rheumatol 1987; 16:403-6.
36. Smith I. Cost considerations in the use of anaesthetic drugs. Pharmacoeconomics 2001; 19:469-81.
37. Pugner KM, Scott DI, Holmes JW, et al. The costs of rheumatoid arthritis: an international long-term view. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2000; 29 (5):305-20.
38. Yelin E, Katz P, Lubeck D, et al. Impact of etanercept (ENBREL) on health care use and employment in early RA. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44 (suppl 9):152.
39. Murray JL, Lopez AD (eds). The global burden of disease: a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020. Cambridge MA:Harvard University Press, 1996.
40. McQuay HJ and Moore RA. An evidence based resource for pain relief. Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1998.
41. Gureje O, Von Korff M, Simon G, et al. Persistent pain and well-being: a World Health Organization study in primary care. JAMA 1998; 280:147-51.
42. Flor H, Turk DC, Scholz OB. Impact of chronic pain on the spouse: marital, emotional and physical consequences. J Psychosom Res 1987; 31:63-71.
43. Turk DC, Flor H, Rudy TE. Pain and families. I. Etiology, maintenance and psychological impact. Pain 1987; 30:3-27.
44. Schwartz L, Slater MA, Birchler GR. The role of pain behaviors in the modulation of marital conflict in chronic pain couples. Pain 1996; 65:227-33.
45. Schwartz L, Slater MA, Birchler GR, et al. Depression in spouses of chronic pain patients: the role of patient pain and anger, and marital satisfaction. Pain 1991; 44:61-7.
46. Kemler MA and Furnée CA. The impact of chronic pain on life in the household. J Pain Symptom Manage 2002; 23:433-41.
47. Sprangers MAG, de Regt EB, Andries F, et al. Which chronic conditions are associated with a better or poorer quality of life? J Clin Epidemiol 2000; 53:895-97.
48. Becker N, Thomsens AB, Olsen AK, et al. Pain epidemiology and health related quality of life in chronic non-malignant pain patients referred to a Danish multidisciplinary pain center. Pain 1997; 73:393-400.
49. Kosinski M, Kujawski SC, Martin R, et al. Health-related quality of life in early rheumatoid arthritis: impact of disease and treatment response. Am J Manag Care 2002; 8(3):231-40.
50. Williams ACdeC. Outcome assessment in chronic non-cancer pain treatment. Acta Anaesthesiol Scan 2001; 45:1076-9.
51. Thomsen AB, Sørensen J, Sjøgren P, et al. Economic evaluation of multidisciplinary pain management in chronic pain patients: a qualitative systematic review. J Pain Symptom Manage 2001; 22:688-698.
52. Campbell FA, Tramer MR, Carroll, et al. Are cannabinoids an effective and safe treatment option in the management of pain? A qualitative systematic review. BMJ 2001; 323:1-6.
53. Buchbinder R, Jolley D and Wyatt M. Population based intervention to change back pain beliefs and disability: three part evaluation. BMJ 2001; 322:1516-20.
54. Guzmán J, Esmail R, Karjalainen K, et al. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for chronic low back pain: systematic review. BMJ 2001; 322:1511-6.
55. Moore RA. Pain and systematic reviews. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2001; 45:1136-1139.
56. Bandolier 2002. http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/painresearch (accessed April 1st 2002).
57. Brooks P. Use and benefits of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Am J Med 1998; 104:9S-13S.
58. Blower AL, Brooks A, Fenn GC, et al. Emergency admissions for upper gastrointestinal disease and their relation to NSAID use. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1997; 11:283-91.
59. Tramer MR, Moore RA, Reynolds DJ, et al. Quantitative estimation of rare adverse events which follow a biological progression: a new model applied to chronic NSAID use. Pain 2000; 85:169-82.
60. Phillips CJ and Thompson G. What is cost effectiveness? Hayward Medical Communications: London, 1997.
61. Moore RA and Phillips CJ. Cost of NSAID adverse effects to the UK National Health Service. Journal of Medical Economics 1999; 2:45-55.
62. Jonsson B, Haglund U. Economic burden of NSAID-induced gastropathy in Sweden. Scand J Gastroenterol 2001; 36:775-79.
63. Herings RM, Klungel OH. An epidemiological approach to assess the economic burden of NSAID-induced gastrointestinal events in The Netherlands. Pharmacoeconomics 2001; 19:655-65.
64. Rahme E, Joseph L, Kong SX, et al. Gastrointestinal health care resource use and costs asscoatied with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs versus acetaminophen: retrospective cohort study of an elderly population. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 2000; 43:917-24.
65. Page J, Henry D. Consumption of NSAIDs and the development of congestive heart failure in elderly patients: an under-recognized public health problem. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160:777-84.
66. Phillips CJ. And all because the doctor prescribed an NSAID:expenditure on PPIs and joined-up thinking in prescribing. British Journal of Health Care Management 2002; 8:272-75.
67. Loesner JD. Economic implications of pain management. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1999; 43:957-59.
68. Rawal N, Allvin R, EuroPain Acute Pain Working Party. Acute pain services in Europe: a 17-nation survey of 105 hospitals. Eur J Anaesthesiol 1998; 15:354-63.
69. McQuay HJ, Moore RA, Eccleston C et al. Systematic review of outpatient services for chronic patient control. Health Technol Assess 1997; 1(6).
70. Hopton JL and Dlugolecka M. Patients' perceptions of need for primary health care services: useful for priority setting? BMJ 1995; 310:1237-40.
71. Loesner JD, Melzack R. Pain:an overview. Lancet 1999; 353:1607-09.