EL CLOPIDOGREL ES SUPERIOR A LA TICLOPIDINA PARA DISMINUIR EL RIESGO DE MUERTE E INFARTO POR COLOCACION DE <I>STENT </I>CORONARIO




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EL CLOPIDOGREL ES SUPERIOR A LA TICLOPIDINA PARA DISMINUIR EL RIESGO DE MUERTE E INFARTO POR COLOCACION DE STENT CORONARIO

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Esta revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados muestra que el clopidogrel, incluyendo un régimen de carga, se asocia con reducción del riesgo de muerte o de infarto de miocardio en comparación con la ticlopidina en pacientes sometidos a la colocación de stent coronario.
biondi9.jpg Autor:
Giuseppe Biondi-zoccai
Columnista Experto de SIIC
Artículos publicados por Giuseppe Biondi-zoccai
Coautores
Marzia Lotrionte* Antonio Abbate** Pierfrancesco Agostoni*** Marco Valgimigli**** Imad Sheiban***** 
MD, Roma, Italia*
MD, Richmond, EE.UU.**
MD, Amberes, Bélgica***
MD, PhD, Ferrara, Italia****
MD, Turin, Italia*****
Recepción del artículo
25 de Septiembre, 2006
Aprobación
30 de Noviembre, 2006
Primera edición
16 de Julio, 2007
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
Antecedentes: El clopidogrel es una reconocida alternativa a la ticlopidina asociada a la aspirina luego de la colocación de stents coronarios, debido a la seguridad hematológica que ofrece la droga; sin embargo, su eficacia es todavía motivo de debate. Por ello realizamos esta revisión sistemática actualizada de los ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que compararon clopidogrel y ticolopidina. Métodos: Se buscaron en PubMed los estudios pertinentes hasta agosto de 2006. Se calculó el riesgo relativo (RR) con un modelo de efectos fijos (intervalo de confianza del 95%) para muertes por causa cardiovascular y la combinación de muerte e infarto de miocardio no mortal. Las pruebas de heterogeneidad y los análisis de subgrupos fueron realizados de acuerdo con el esquema de carga de clopidogrel versus el esquema sin carga. Resultados: Se encontraron siete ensayos (3 382 pacientes, seguimiento promedio de 7 meses). En cinco estudios, tanto el clopidogrel como la ticlopidina se iniciaron con una dosis de carga, en un ensayo el clopidogrel se suministró sin carga y en un ensayo el clopidogrel pudo ser suministrado con carga o sin carga. El análisis global (p para heterogeneidad = 0.07) mostró una tendencia no significativa hacia menor mortalidad en pacientes tratados con ticlopidina versus clopidogrel (RR = 0.07 [0.39-1.14], p = 0.14), así como para el criterio de valoración combinado (RR = 0.91 [0.65-1.26], p = 0.57, p para heterogeneidad = 0.02). Después de efectuada la estratificación, la ticlopidina se asoció con aumento de la mortalidad (RR = 1.99 [0.79-5.06], p = 0.15, p para heterogeneidad = 0.86) y los riesgos de muerte o de infarto de miocardio (RR = 1.65 [1.03-2.67], p = 0.04, p para heterogeneidad = 0.53) en comparación con el clopidogrel con carga. Por el contrario, la ticlopidina demostró ser más efectiva que el clopidogrel sin carga alguna, tanto para riesgo de muerte (RR = 0.32 [0.15-0.69] p = 0.004) como para muerte o infarto de miocardio (RR = 0.46 [0.28-0.77], p = 0.003, p para heterogeneidad = 0.95). Conclusiones: Este trabajo sugiere que en pacientes sometidos a la colocación de stents coronarios, el tratamiento con clopidogrel -incluido un régimen de carga- se asocia con una disminución del riesgo de muerte o de infarto de miocardio en comparación con la ticlopidina. Por el contrario, la terapia con clopidogrel en ausencia de una dosis de carga se asocia con un riesgo significativamente mayor de muerte o de infarto de miocardio.

Palabras clave
clopidogrel, intervención coronaria percutánea, stent, revisión sistemática, ticlopidina


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Abstract
Background: Clopidogrel is an established alternative to ticlopidine in addition to aspirin after coronary stenting because of its hematologic safety, but its efficacy is still debated. We thus performed an updated systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCT) comparing clopidogrel vs ticlopidine. Methods: PubMed was searched for pertinent studies (updated August 2006). Fixed-effect relative risks (RR) estimates (95% confidence intervals) were computed for cardiovascular death and the composite of death and non-fatal myocardial infarction. Heterogeneity tests and subgroup analyses were performed according to loading vs non-loading clopidogrel scheme. Results: 7 trials were retrieved (3 382 patients, average follow-up 7 months). In 5 studies both clopidogrel and ticlopidine were started with a loading dose, in 1 trial clopidogrel was administered without loading, and in 1 trial clopidogrel could be administered with or without loading. Overall analysis (p for heterogeneity = 0.07) showed a non-significant trend toward lower mortality in patients treated with ticlopidine vs clopidogrel (RR = 0.07 [0.39-1.14], p = 0.14) as well as for the composite end-point (RR = 0.91 [0.65-1.26], p = 0.57, p for heterogeneity = 0.02). After stratification, ticlopidine was associated with increased mortality (RR = 1.99 [0.79-5.06], p = 0.15, p for heterogeneity = 0.86) and risks of death or myocardial infarction (RR = 1.65 [1.03-2.67], p = 0.04, p for heterogeneity = 0.53) in comparison to clopidogrel with loading. Instead, ticlopidine proved more effective to clopidogrel without any loading for both risks of death (RR = 0.32 [0.15-0.69], p = 0.004) as well as death or myocardial infarction (RR = 0.46 [0.28-0.77], p = 0.003, p for heterogeneity = 0.95). Conclusions: This work suggests that clopidogrel treatment including a loading regimen is associated with a reduced risk of death or myocardial infarction in comparison to ticlopidine in patients undergoing coronary stenting. Conversely, clopidogrel therapy in the absence of a loading dose is associated with a significantly higher risk of death and/or myocardial infarction.

Key words
clopidogrel, percutaneous coronary intervention, stent, systematic review, ticlopidine


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Especialidades
Principal: Cardiología
Relacionadas: Cirugía, Farmacología, Medicina Farmacéutica, Medicina Interna



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Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai, Institute of Cardiology, University of Turin, 18014, Via Aurelia 5, Ospedaletti (IM), Turin, Italia
Bibliografía del artículo
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