EPIDEMIOLOGIA DE LA DEPRESION POSNATAL





EPIDEMIOLOGIA DE LA DEPRESION POSNATAL

(especial para SIIC © Derechos reservados)
Para el tratamiento de las mujeres con depresión posnatal, el médico debe considerar, en primer lugar, la intervención psicológica a través de una psicoterapia individual o de grupo e, idealmente, con el cónyuge de la mujer enferma. Aunque el tratamiento farmacológico es eficaz, sólo se puede administrar a mujeres que no estén en período de lactancia.
Autor:
Cosme Alvarado Esquivel
Columnista Experta de SIIC

Institución:
Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango


Artículos publicados por Cosme Alvarado Esquivel
Recepción del artículo
20 de Diciembre, 2013
Aprobación
1 de Febrero, 2014
Primera edición
25 de Marzo, 2014
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
Este trabajo ha sido realizado con la finalidad de revisar resultados importantes de estudios epidemiológicos acerca de la depresión posnatal en un número de pacientes reportados recientemente. Está incluida la información relevante acerca de la prevalencia, factores de riesgo, diagnóstico, prevención y tratamiento de la depresión posnatal. La depresión posnatal afecta directamente a la madre, pero también puede afectar indirectamente a familiares cercanos. La depresión posnatal puede comprometer el desarrollo infantil. La prevalencia de depresión posnatal en diversos pacientes varía entre 6% y 43%. Los factores de riesgo para la adquisición de depresión posnatal varían sustancialmente entre los pacientes. Esto significa que los factores de riesgo considerados importantes en una población de mujeres en un país pueden no tener influencia en mujeres de otros países. Se ha reportado un número de factores de riesgo, y estos se relacionan con diversos aspectos culturales, sociales, financieros, psicológicos, de salud, y conductuales. El diagnóstico de depresión posnatal puede hacerse fácilmente con pruebas de escrutinio validadas y puede confirmarse con una consulta psiquiátrica. Las medidas preventivas óptimas contra la depresión posnatal son las que están basadas en el conocimiento de los factores de riesgo prevalentes en mujeres de la región. Para el tratamiento de las mujeres con depresión posnatal, el médico debe considerar, en primer lugar, la intervención psicológica a través de una psicoterapia individual o de grupo e, idealmente, con el cónyuge de la mujer enferma. Aunque el tratamiento farmacológico es eficaz, solo se puede administrar a mujeres que no estén en período de lactancia.

Palabras clave
depresión, depresión postnatal, posparto, factores de riesgo


Artículo completo

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Abstract
The aim of this study was to review important results of recently published epidemiological studies into postnatal depression in a number of countries. Relevant information about prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of postnatal depression is included. Postnatal depression directly affects the mother but it may also indirectly affect close relatives, and the development of the infant. The prevalence of postnatal depression in various countries varies between 6% and 43%. Risk factors for acquiring postnatal depression vary substantially between countries. This means that risk factors considered to be important in a population of women in one country may have no influence on women in other countries. A number of risk factors have been reported and are related with various cultural, social, financial, psychological, health and behavioral aspects. Diagnosis of postnatal depression is easy to make with validated screening tests and it may be confirmed with a psychiatric interview. Optimal preventive measures are those based on knowledge of risk factors prevalent in women in the region. For the treatment of women with postnatal depression the physician should first consider psychological intervention through individual or group psychotherapy and, ideally, with the partner of the woman involved. Although pharmacological treatment is effective it can be administered only to women who are not lactating.

Key words
postnatal depression, depression, pospartum, risk factors


Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos de Iberoamérica >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Epidemiología, Salud Mental
Relacionadas: Atención Primaria, Enfermería, Medicina Familiar, Obstetricia y Ginecología, Salud Pública



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Enviar correspondencia a:
Cosme Alvarado Alvarado Esquivel, Facultad de Medicina y Nutrición. Universidad Juarez del Estado de Durango, 34000, Avenida Universidad S/N esquina Fanny Anitua, Durango, México
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